Turkey's buses are legendary—comfortable with free snacks. Metro Turizm best operator. Istanbul-Ankara: bus 5h (TRY 380/$11) vs YHT train 4h (same price) vs flight 1h (TRY 850/$25). Buses good for scenic routes. Istanbul Metro/tram excellent with Istanbulkart (TRY 15-25/$0.45-0.75 per ride). Book buses on obilet.com. Pegasus Airlines cheapest for flights. Domestic flights affordable.

Tipping (bahşiş) is appreciated but not obligatory. Tip 10-15% in restaurants if no service charge. Cash preferred, give directly to server. In taxis, round up the fare. Hamam attendants expect 10-20% divided among staff.