The State Historical Museum is Russia's largest national museum, located on Red Square. The red-brick building is as much a symbol of the square as the Kremlin and St. Basil's Cathedral. The collection spans history from antiquity to the present day.

Museum History

The museum was founded by decree of Alexander II in 1872. The Russian-style building was constructed to Vladimir Sherwood's design by 1883. Red brick, turrets, and tent roofs echo the Kremlin's architecture. Interiors were designed by leading artists of the era.

Architecture

The building exemplifies the pseudo-Russian style. Each hall is individually designed, with interiors matching the era of exhibits. Grand vestibules, painted vaults, inlaid parquet floors—the museum itself is a work of art.

Collection

More than 5 million exhibits cover Russian history from the Stone Age to the 20th century. Archaeological finds, weapons, coins, manuscripts, paintings, everyday objects. 39 halls arranged chronologically.

Notable Exhibits

Birch bark manuscripts from Novgorod, Minin's saber, Monomakh's Cap (replica), Peter I's globe. Personal belongings of tsars and military commanders. Weapons collection from Scythians to World War II. Scythian Gold is one of the most valuable sections.

Exhibition

Prehistoric halls show ancient human life on Russian territory. Medieval halls are devoted to state formation. The Romanov era has a dedicated route. Each hall is immersion in an epoch.

Temporary Exhibitions

The museum regularly hosts exhibitions from its holdings and other collections. Thematic projects cover various aspects of Russian history. Exhibition halls are on all floors.

Practical Information

Entrance from Red Square, Okhotny Ryad or Ploshchad Revolyutsii metro. Open daily except Tuesday. Allow 3-4 hours for the full exhibition. Tickets available online.

Atmosphere

The Historical Museum is essential for anyone interested in Russia. The collection's scale is staggering. Hall interiors deserve separate attention. Combine with touring Red Square and the Kremlin.