The Machado de Castro National Museum is one of Portugal's most important museums, housed in the former bishop's palace above the remains of the Roman forum. The Roman cryptoporticus beneath the building is an architectural wonder from the 1st century AD when the city was known as Aeminium. The collection features sculptures from the 14th to 16th centuries, religious art, and a colossal head of Augustus from the Roman temple. The modern renovation by Gonçalo Byrne added contemporary spaces while preserving historic sections. The rooftop terrace offers stunning views over the old town and university.